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spatial_pscore

Short Description

sm.tl.spatial_pscore: A scoring system to evaluate user defined proximity between cell types.
The function generates two scores and saved at adata.uns:
A) Proximity Density: Total number of interactions identified divided by the total number of cells of the cell-types that were used for interaction analysis.
B) Proximity Volume: Total number of interactions identified divided by the total number of all cells in the data.
The interaction sites are also recorded and saved in adata.obs

Functions

spatial_pscore(adata, proximity, score_by='imageid', x_coordinate='X_centroid', y_coordinate='Y_centroid', phenotype='phenotype', method='radius', radius=20, knn=3, imageid='imageid', subset=None, label='spatial_pscore')

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
adata

AnnData object

required
proximity

list
Pass a list of cell-types for which the proximity score needs to calculated. e.g. ['CellType-A', 'CellType-B']

required
score_by

string, optional
If the scores need to compared across region's of interest, the column name containing the ROI's should be passed. By default the score is calculated across the entire image.

'imageid'
x_coordinate

float, required
Column name containing the x-coordinates values.

'X_centroid'
y_coordinate

float, required
Column name containing the y-coordinates values.

'Y_centroid'
phenotype

string, required
Column name of the column containing the phenotype information. It could also be any categorical assignment given to single cells.

'phenotype'
method

string, optional
Two options are available: a) 'radius', b) 'knn'.
a) radius - Identifies the neighbours within a given radius for every cell.
b) knn - Identifies the K nearest neigbours for every cell.

'radius'
radius

int, optional
The radius used to define a local neighbhourhood.

20
knn

int, optional
Number of cells considered for defining the local neighbhourhood.

3
imageid

string, optional
Column name of the column containing the image id.

'imageid'
subset

string, optional
imageid of a single image to be subsetted for analyis.

None
label

string, optional
Key for the returned data, stored in adata.obs and adata.uns.

'spatial_pscore'

Returns:

Name Type Description
adata

AnnData object
Updated AnnData object with the results stored in adata.obs ['spatial_pscore'] and adata.uns ['spatial_pscore'].

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    # Calculate the score for proximity between `Tumor CD30+` cells and `M2 Macrophages`
    adata =  sm.tl.spatial_pscore (adata,proximity= ['Tumor CD30+', 'M2 Macrophages'], score_by = 'ImageId',
                             x_coordinate='X_position',y_coordinate='Y_position',
                             phenotype='phenotype',method='radius',radius=20,knn=3,
                             imageid='ImageId',subset=None, label='spatial_pscore')
Source code in scimap/tools/_spatial_pscore.py
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def spatial_pscore (adata,proximity, score_by='imageid', x_coordinate='X_centroid',y_coordinate='Y_centroid',
                    phenotype='phenotype',method='radius',radius=20,knn=3,
                    imageid='imageid',subset=None, label='spatial_pscore'):
    """
Parameters:
    adata : AnnData object

    proximity : list  
        Pass a list of cell-types for which the proximity score needs to calculated. e.g. ['CellType-A', 'CellType-B']

    score_by : string, optional  
        If the scores need to compared across region's of interest, the column name containing the ROI's
        should be passed. By default the score is calculated across the entire image.

    x_coordinate : float, required  
        Column name containing the x-coordinates values.

    y_coordinate : float, required  
        Column name containing the y-coordinates values.

    phenotype : string, required  
        Column name of the column containing the phenotype information. 
        It could also be any categorical assignment given to single cells.

    method : string, optional  
        Two options are available: a) 'radius', b) 'knn'.  
        a) radius - Identifies the neighbours within a given radius for every cell.  
        b) knn - Identifies the K nearest neigbours for every cell.  

    radius : int, optional  
        The radius used to define a local neighbhourhood.

    knn : int, optional  
        Number of cells considered for defining the local neighbhourhood.

    imageid : string, optional  
        Column name of the column containing the image id.

    subset : string, optional  
        imageid of a single image to be subsetted for analyis.

    label : string, optional  
        Key for the returned data, stored in `adata.obs` and `adata.uns`.

Returns:
    adata : AnnData object  
        Updated AnnData object with the results stored in `adata.obs ['spatial_pscore']` and `adata.uns ['spatial_pscore']`.

Example:
```python
    # Calculate the score for proximity between `Tumor CD30+` cells and `M2 Macrophages`
    adata =  sm.tl.spatial_pscore (adata,proximity= ['Tumor CD30+', 'M2 Macrophages'], score_by = 'ImageId',
                             x_coordinate='X_position',y_coordinate='Y_position',
                             phenotype='phenotype',method='radius',radius=20,knn=3,
                             imageid='ImageId',subset=None, label='spatial_pscore')

```
    """


    # Start
    def spatial_pscore_internal (adata_subset,proximity,x_coordinate,y_coordinate,phenotype,method,radius,knn,
                                imageid,subset,label):

        # Create a DataFrame with the necessary inforamtion
        data = pd.DataFrame({'x': adata_subset.obs[x_coordinate], 'y': adata_subset.obs[y_coordinate], 'phenotype': adata_subset.obs[phenotype]})

        # Identify neighbourhoods based on the method used
        # a) KNN method
        if method == 'knn':
            print("Identifying the " + str(knn) + " nearest neighbours for every cell")
            tree = BallTree(data[['x','y']], leaf_size= 2)
            ind = tree.query(data[['x','y']], k=knn, return_distance= False)
            neighbours = pd.DataFrame(ind.tolist(), index = data.index) # neighbour DF
            neighbours_ind = neighbours.copy() # neighbour DF
            #neighbours.drop(0, axis=1, inplace=True) # Remove self neighbour

        # b) Local radius method
        if method == 'radius':
            print("Identifying neighbours within " + str(radius) + " pixels of every cell")
            kdt = BallTree(data[['x','y']], metric='euclidean') 
            ind = kdt.query_radius(data[['x','y']], r=radius, return_distance=False)
            #for i in range(0, len(ind)): ind[i] = np.delete(ind[i], np.argwhere(ind[i] == i))#remove self
            neighbours = pd.DataFrame(ind.tolist(), index = data.index) # neighbour DF
            neighbours_ind = neighbours.copy() # neighbour DF

        # Map phenotype
        phenomap = dict(zip(list(range(len(ind))), data['phenotype'])) # Used for mapping
        phenomap_ind = dict(zip(list(range(len(ind))), data.index)) # Used for mapping cell_nme

        # Loop through (all functionized methods were very slow)
        for i in neighbours.columns:
            neighbours[i] = neighbours[i].dropna().map(phenomap, na_action='ignore')
        # do the same index and cell name
        for i in neighbours_ind.columns:
            neighbours_ind[i] = neighbours_ind[i].dropna().map(phenomap_ind, na_action='ignore')


        # Idetify all the neighbourhoods that contains the user defined proximity phenotypes
        #for i in proximity:
        #    print (str('Finding neighbourhoods with ') + str(i))
        #    nn = neighbours[neighbours.isin([i])].dropna(how='all').index
        #    neighbours = neighbours.loc[nn]
        matches = np.ones(len(neighbours), bool)
        for v in proximity:
            matches &= (neighbours == v).any(axis=1)
        neighbours = neighbours[matches]


        # Identify all the cells that was part of the neighbourhood in this analysis
        neighbours_ind = neighbours_ind.loc[neighbours.index]
        neighbours_ind_unique = pd.unique(neighbours_ind.values.ravel())

        # subset the neighbourhood cells to include only the cells in the user defined list
        cleaned_neighbours_ind_unique = [x for x in neighbours_ind_unique if str(x) != 'nan']
        d = data.loc[cleaned_neighbours_ind_unique]
        d = d[d[phenotype].isin(proximity)].index

        # return neighbours for score and image_neighbours for plotting on image
        return {'neighbours': neighbours.index, 'image_neighbours': d }


    # Subset a particular image if needed
    if subset is not None:
        adata_list = [adata[adata.obs[imageid] == subset]]
    else:
        adata_list = [adata[adata.obs[imageid] == i] for i in adata.obs[imageid].unique()]

    # Apply function to all images and create a master dataframe
    # Create lamda function 
    r_spatial_pscore_internal = lambda x: spatial_pscore_internal(adata_subset=x,proximity=proximity,
                                                   x_coordinate=x_coordinate,
                                                   y_coordinate=y_coordinate,phenotype=phenotype,
                                                   method=method,radius=radius,knn=knn,
                                                   imageid=imageid,subset=subset,label=label) 
    all_data = list(map(r_spatial_pscore_internal, adata_list)) # Apply function


    # Merge all the results into a single dataframe    
    proximity_site_cells =  np.concatenate([d['image_neighbours'] for d in all_data], axis=0)

    # Add it to the AnnData Object
    adata.obs[label] = np.where(adata.obs.index.isin(proximity_site_cells), '_'.join(proximity), "other")

    ##### SCORING #####
    proximity_neigh = np.concatenate([d['neighbours'] for d in all_data], axis=0)
    wh_d = adata.obs.copy()
    wh_d[label] = np.where(wh_d.index.isin(proximity_neigh), '_'.join(proximity), "other")

    # Define a scoring system
    name = '_'.join(proximity)
    whole_data = wh_d[[score_by, label, phenotype]]

    # proximity volume
    p_v = whole_data.groupby([score_by, label]).size().unstack().fillna(0)
    p_v ['All Cells'] = p_v[name] + p_v["other"]
    p_v['Proximity Volume'] = p_v[name] / p_v['All Cells']
    p_v = p_v.fillna(0) # replace NA
    p_v = p_v.replace([np.inf, -np.inf], 0)
    p_v = p_v.drop(columns = 'other')

    # subset the phenotypes of interest
    w_d = whole_data[whole_data[phenotype].isin(proximity)]
    # proximity density
    p_d = w_d.groupby([score_by, label]).size().unstack().fillna(0)
    p_d ['Celltype of interest'] = p_d[name] + p_d["other"]
    p_d['Proximity Density'] = p_d[name] / p_d['Celltype of interest']
    p_d = p_d.fillna(0) # replace NA
    p_d = p_d.replace([np.inf, -np.inf], 0)
    p_d = p_d.drop(columns = ['other', name])

    # Merge Promimity volumne and density
    proximity_score = pd.merge(p_v, p_d, left_index=True, right_index=True)

    # Add it to the anndata object
    adata.uns[label] = proximity_score

    # Print
    print("Please check:\nadata.obs['" + str(label) + "'] &\nadata.uns['"+ str(label) + "'] for results")

    # Return 
    return adata